System and method for resource block-specific control signaling

ABSTRACT

A system and method is disclosed for resource block-specific control signaling in a communication system. Communication data is transmitted using a transmission channel comprising a plurality of resource blocks defined by allocating time-frequency slots in a transmission resource. Resource block control information is transmitted in a “feed-forward” manner to a user end (UE) or group of UEs using channels physically mapped into scheduled resource blocks (RBs) for that user or group of users. Embodiments of the invention provide an RB-specific control channel that comprises RB control elements that are embedded within scheduled resource blocks. The invention, therefore, reduces the amount of control information that must be transmitted by common or shared control channels.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/712,695 U.S., entitled “System and Method for Resource Block-SpecificControl Signaling”, filed Sep. 22, 2017, which is a continuation ofpatent application Ser. No. 15/163,756, of the same title, filed May 25,2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,775,139, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/806,754, of the same title, filed Jul.23, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,357,533, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/500,894, of the same title, filed Sep.29, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,094,962, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/944,176, of the same title, filed Jul.17, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,094,961, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/742,204, of the same title, filed Apr.30, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,547,986, all of which are fullyincorporated herein by reference for all purposes to the extent notinconsistent with this application.

The claims in the instant application are different than those of theparent application or other related applications. The Applicanttherefore rescinds any disclaimer of claim scope made in the parentapplication or any predecessor application in relation to the instantapplication. The Examiner is therefore advised that any such previousdisclaimer and the cited references that it was made to avoid, may needto be revisited. Further, any disclaimer made in the instant applicationshould not be read into or against the parent application or otherrelated applications.

BACKGROUND Field of the Application

The present invention is directed in general to the field of informationprocessing. In one aspect, the present invention relates to a system andmethod for providing resource block-specific control signaling in acommunication system.

Background of the Disclosure

Wireless communication systems transmit and receive signals within adesignated electromagnetic frequency spectrum, but the capacity of theelectromagnetic frequency spectrum is limited. As the demand forwireless communication systems continues to expand, there are increasingchallenges to improve spectrum usage efficiency. To improve thecommunication capacity of the systems while reducing the sensitivity ofthe systems to noise and interference and limiting the power of thetransmissions, a number of wireless communication techniques have beenproposed.

FIG. 1 depicts a wireless communication system 100 in which atransmitter 102 having a single antenna or an array of antennas 106communicates with receiver 104 having a single antenna or an array ofantennas 108. The communication system 100 may be any type of wirelesscommunication system including, but not limited to, a Multiple Input,Multiple Output (MIMO) system, a Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)system, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, an OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, or an OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system. In the communicationsystem 100, the transmitter 102 may act as a base station, while thereceiver 104 acts as a subscriber station, which can be virtually anytype of wireless one-way or two-way communication device such as acellular telephone, wireless equipped computer system, and wirelesspersonal digital assistant. Of course, the receiver/subscriber station104 can also transmit signals which are received by the transmitter/basestation 102. The signals communicated between transmitter 102 andreceiver 104 can include voice, data, electronic mail, video, and otherdata, voice, and video signals. In operation, the transmitter 102transmits a signal data stream (e.g., signal s₁) through one or moreantennas 106 and over a channel H₁ to a receiver 104, which combines thereceived signal from one or more receive antennas 108 to reconstruct thetransmitted data. To transmit the signal vector s₁, the transmitter 102prepares a transmission signal, represented by the vector x₁, for thesignal s₁. (Note: lower case bold variables indicate vectors and uppercase BOLD variables indicate matrices). The transmission signal vectorx₁ is transmitted via a channel represented by a channel matrix H₁, andis received at the receiver 104 as a receive signal vector y₁=H₁x₁+n₁(where n represents co-channel interference or noise). The channelmatrix H₁ represents a channel gain between the transmitter antennaarray 106 and the subscriber station antenna array 108. Thus, thechannel matrix H₁ can be represented by a k×N matrix of complexcoefficients, where N is the number of antennas in the transmitter/basestation antenna array 106 and k is the number of antennas in thereceiver/subscriber station antenna array 108. The value of k can beunique for each receiver/subscriber station. As will be appreciated, thechannel matrix H₁ can instead be represented by a N×k matrix of complexcoefficients, in which case the matrix manipulation algorithms areadjusted accordingly so that, for example, the right singular vectorcalculation on a k×N channel matrix becomes a left singular vectorcalculation on a N×k channel matrix. The coefficients of the channelmatrix H₁ depend, at least in part, on the transmission characteristicsof the medium, such as air, through which a signal is transmitted. Avariety of methods may be used at the receiver to determine the channelmatrix H₁ coefficients, such as transmitting a known pilot signal to areceiver so that the receiver, knowing the pilot signal, can estimatethe coefficients of the channel matrix H₁ using well-known pilotestimation techniques. Alternatively, when the channel between thetransmitter and receiver is reciprocal in both directions, the actualchannel matrix H₁ is known to the receiver and may be known to thetransmitter.

Current efforts to develop communication systems based on the ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standardprovide various mechanisms for transmitting “feed-forward” controlinformation for transmission of data over an allocated time-frequencyslot of a predetermined portion of a transmission resource in afrequency band. This time-frequency slot of the transmission resource isoften referred to as a “resource block” (RB). In current LTEimplementations, feed-forward control information to a user end (UE) ora group of UEs is based on the use of common control channels or sharedcontrol channels to provide, among other things, information regardingthe mapping of a user or users to a resource block in an allocatedphysical resource. (As used herein, “common/shared control channel” willbe used to refer to either a common control channel or a shared controlchannel.) The common/shared control channel is also used to transmitcontrol information that is specific to various resource blocks. Forexample, the common/shared control channel may be used to providemodulation coding information, layering information, transmission rankinformation or preceding matrix information, etc. In general, currentimplementations of common/shared control channels are inefficientbecause resource block-specific information is fed forward in thecommon/shared control channel with a large number of overhead bits beingrequired to indicate the resource block index and the related controlinformation. As will be understood by those of skill in the art, as thenumber of bits in the common/shared control channel element increases,there is a decrease in the number of users that can be serviced. Thisinefficiency is exacerbated in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)communication systems because redundant information is embedded in thecommon/shared control channel elements for multiple users.

Accordingly, there is a need for a feed-forward control mechanism thatprovides control information whereby resource block-specific informationis fed forward more efficiently. Specifically, it would be advantageousto provide a system and method whereby only targeted users scan thegiven scheduled resource block or physical channel in a non-blind mannerto utilize a resource block. Further limitations and disadvantages ofconventional processes and technologies will become apparent to one ofskill in the art after reviewing the remainder of the presentapplication with reference to the drawings and detailed descriptionwhich follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention may be understood, and its numerous objects,features and advantages obtained, when the following detaileddescription of a preferred embodiment is considered in conjunction withthe following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 (labeled prior art) depicts a wireless communication system.

FIG. 2 depicts a wireless communication system in which resource blockcontrol information is provided to a plurality of UEs via a feed-forwardchannel.

FIG. 3a is an illustration of an allocation of time-frequency resourcesto a plurality of UEs in a communication system in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 3b is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention wherein asingle resource control element provides control information for aplurality of resource blocks at a single subcarrier frequency over aplurality of successive time intervals.

FIG. 3c is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention wherein asingle resource control element provides control information for aplurality of resource blocks at multiple subcarrier frequencies over asingle time interval.

FIG. 3d is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention wherein asingle resource control element provides control information for aplurality of resource blocks at a plurality of subcarrier frequenciesover a plurality of successive time intervals.

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration,elements illustrated in the drawings have not necessarily been drawn toscale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements areexaggerated relative to other elements for purposes of promoting andimproving clarity and understanding. Further, where consideredappropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the drawings torepresent corresponding or analogous elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A system and methodology are disclosed for providing resource block(RB)-specific control information to a user end (UE) or a group of UEs.The embodiments of the invention disclosed herein can be implemented insingle antenna communication systems or in communication systems whereinthe transmitter and/or the receiver comprise multiple antennas. Thisinvention provides a mechanism for transmitting “feed forward” controlinformation to a user end (UE) or group of UEs using channels physicallymapped into a scheduled resource block (RB) for that user or group ofusers. More specifically, the present invention defines an RB-specificcontrol channel that is physically mapped into an allocated physicalresource. Thus the RB-specific control channel is embedded within thescheduled resource block. The control information that the RB-specificcontrol channel carries comprises RB-specific control information.

In the present invention, this RB-specific control channel is used toreduce the data overhead of a common-control channel or shared-controlchannel used in current systems. In current systems, RB-specific controlinformation is fed forward in the common/shared control channel, therebyincreasing the size of the data that must be transmitted in thecommon/shared control channel. Additional transmission overhead may beadded for data bits that are required to indicate the resource blockindex. The system and method of the present invention reduces the amountof RB-specific information transmitted in the common/shared controlchannel and, therefore, allows more UEs to be allocated in thecommon/shared control channel. In communication systems where multipleUEs are assigned or scheduled for the same resource in a MIMOcommunication system, all of the UEs can read this RB-specific controlinformation and save bandwidth compared to a system wherein thissignaling information is embedded in a common control channel.

Various illustrative embodiments of the present invention will now bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. Whilevarious details are set forth in the following description, it will beappreciated that the present invention may be practiced without thesespecific details, and that numerous implementation-specific decisionsmay be made to the invention described herein to achieve the devicedesigner's specific goals, such as compliance with process technology ordesign-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation toanother. While such a development effort might be complex andtime-consuming, it would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for thoseof ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. Forexample, selected aspects are shown in block diagram form, rather thanin detail, in order to avoid limiting or obscuring the presentinvention. In addition, some portions of the detailed descriptionsprovided herein are presented in terms of algorithms or operations ondata within a computer memory. Such descriptions and representations areused by those skilled in the art to describe and convey the substance oftheir work to others skilled in the art.

FIG. 2 depicts a wireless communication system 200 in which atransmitter 202 uses the resource block control techniques describedherein to configure or adapt one or more input signals that aretransmitted from a transmitter 202 (e.g., a base station) to one or morereceivers 204.1-204.m (e.g., subscriber stations). The transmitter 202includes a single antenna or an array of antennas 206 for communicatingwith the receivers 204.1-m. The receivers 204.1-m, may comprise a singleantenna or an array of antennas 208.i for communicating with thetransmitter 202. In operation, a data signal s_(i) presented at thetransmitter 202 for transmission to the receiver 204.i is transformed bythe signal processor 203.i into a transmission signal represented by thevector x_(i). The signals transmitted from the transmit antenna 206propagate through a matrix channel H_(i) and are received by the receiveantennas 208.i where they are represented by the vector y_(i). For achannel from the transmitter 202 to the i^(th) receiver 204.i, thechannel is denoted by H_(i), iϵ{1, 2, . . . , m}. The channel matrixH_(i) may be represented as a k_(i)×N matrix of complex entriesrepresenting the complex coefficients of the transmission channelbetween each transmit-receive antenna pair, where N represents thenumber of antennas of the transmitter 202 and k_(i) represents thenumber of antennas of the i^(th) receiver 204.i. At the receiver 204.i,the signal processing unit 210.i processes the y_(i) signals received onthe k antennas to obtain a data signal, z_(i), which is an estimate ofthe transmitted data s_(i).

The channel matrix H_(i) specifies the transmission channel between atransmitter and an i^(th) receiver. For example, in a MIMOimplementation, each receiver 204.1-m determines its MIMO channel matrixH_(i) by using pilot estimation or sounding techniques to determine orestimate the coefficients of the channel matrix H_(i).

In embodiments of the present invention, data is transmitted via thematrix H_(i) using a plurality of resource blocks (RBs) that representthe allocation of time-frequency transmission resources within apredetermined frequency band. In various embodiments of the invention,the RBs are used to transmit data symbols, common/shared control channelinformation, and RB-specific control information. The resource blocksare generated by the signal processor 203, the Adaptive ModulationCoding (AMC) selection module 216, and the scheduling module 218, usingtechniques known to those of skill in the art. RB-specific controlsignal information associated with predetermined RBs transporting thedata symbols is generated by RB-specific control processor 220.Common/shared control channel processor 222 is operable to generatecontrol information associating predetermined UEs with one or moredesignated RBs, as described in more detail herein below. The resourceblock time-frequency mapper 224 generates a mapping of data symbol,common channel control information and RB-specific control informationonto an allocated physical transmission resource.

Those of skill in the art will understand that the data symbols, thecommon/shared control information and the RB-specific controlinformation are transmitted between the transmitter 202 and an i^(th)receiver over a transmission channel denoted by the channel matrixH_(i). To simplify the discussion of the various embodiments of theinvention, various well-understood processing modules in the receivers204.i are not shown, but are understood to be included.

Feed-forward channel 226 represents a physical feed-forward channel thattransmits shared/common channel information, RB mapping information andRB-specific control information to the receivers 204.i. Incoming RBs areprocessed by a resource block time-frequency demapper 228.i and arestored in a buffer 229.i. Common/shared channel information stored inthe buffer 229.i is decoded by the shared channel processor 230.i andthe resource block control processor 232.i. Specifically, the sharedchannel processor 230.i is operable to decode a plurality of sharedchannel control elements to locate specific control elements thatcorrespond to a specific UE. The shared channel control element for aspecific UE comprises a resource block allocation identifier thatdesignates a specific resource block, or set of resource blocks, thatprovides a physical resource for transmitting data for that UE. Once theresource block allocation identifier has been decoded, the signalprocessing/channel estimation processor 234.i is operable to processresource block-specific control information that is decoded by theresource block control processor 232.i. Resource block control signaldata embedded in one or more predetermined resource blocks is thenextracted by the signal processor 234.i and is used to process datareceived by the receiver 204.i from the transmitter 202.

FIG. 3a is an illustration of an allocation of time-frequency resourcesto a plurality of UEs in a communication system in accordance with thepresent invention. A frequency band comprising a plurality ofsubcarriers is operable to transmit data for a plurality of UEs overpredetermined time intervals t₀-t_(m). As will be understood by those ofskill in the art, each of the RBs shown in FIG. 3a represent atime-frequency allocation of transmission resources that may comprise aplurality of subcarriers within a frequency band. The subcarriers may bediscontiguous, (i.e., non adjacent to each other). In the embodimentshown in FIG. 3a , control channel elements 1-k are transmitted duringeach of the time intervals t₀-t_(m). In prior art communication systems,the control elements typically comprise a large number of bits,including bits comprising specific control information for predeterminedRBs.

As will be understood by those of skill in the art, UEs typically mustdecode each of the control elements shown in FIG. 3a until they locate aspecific control element that includes their UE identifier and acomparatively large number of bits comprising control channelinformation for the associated resource block. This large number ofoverhead bits in the control elements severely restricts the number ofusers that can be served by the communication channel. In an embodimentof the present invention, each of the control elements comprises a UEidentifier and an associated resource block allocation identifier. Inthe embodiment shown in FIG. 3a , predetermined resource blocksRB₁₁-RB_(mn) comprise embedded resource block control elements, RBControl₁₁-RB Control_(mn) that provide resource block-specific controlinformation. The processing logic discussed above in connection withFIG. 2 is operable to decode the control elements 1-k to extractresource block allocation identifier. This resource block allocationidentifier is then used to identify the embedded resource block controlelement, e.g., RB Control₁₄ in the associated resource block, e.g., RB₁₄to that is used by signal processor 234.i to process data received byreceiver 204.i from transmitter 202. It will be appreciated by those ofskill in the art that multiple UEs can decode the RB-specific control ifthey are assigned to the corresponding RB. The RB-specific controlinformation included in the resource block control element can comprisevirtually any type of control information used in OFDM communicationsystems. For example the RB-specific control information may includetransmission rank information that specifies the number of layers usedto transmit the data through a MIMO channel. The RB-specific informationalso may include layering information specifying how the data streamsare mapped onto the layers of a MIMO channel. In addition, oralternatively, the RB-specific information may include preceding matrixindex information (PMI). Since the resource block control information isnot stored in the common/shared control channel elements, a largernumber of users can be serviced using the same amount of bandwidth inthe common/shared control channel.

In some embodiments of the invention, a single resource block controlelement can be used to provide RB-specific control information for aplurality of associated resource blocks to create a set of associatedresource blocks, sometimes referred to as a resource block “chunk.” Forexample, as shown in FIG. 3b , a single resource block control element300 can be used to provide RB-specific control information for RBs 302,303, and 304 at an RB over three successive time intervals. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 3c , a single resource block control element305 is used to provide RB-specific control information for RBs 306, 307,308, and 309 during a single time interval. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 3d , a single resource block control element 310 is used to provideRB-specific control information for RBs 311-318 during multiple timeintervals. The association of the individual RBs comprising the resourceblock chunks can be accomplished using the RB-specific control processor220 and the common/shared control channel processor 222 shown in FIG. 2.

By now it should be appreciated that there has been provided descriptionof a method and system resource block-specific control signaling in acommunication system. In one aspect of the invention, a method forprocessing signals in a communication system comprises: transmittingdata using a plurality of resource blocks within a predeterminedfrequency band; embedding a resource block control element in individualresource blocks within said plurality of resource blocks, wherein eachembedded resource block control element comprises predetermined controlinformation for the resource block in which the resource block controlelement is embedded; transmitting a plurality of common/shared controlchannel control elements corresponding to a predetermined set of users,wherein individual control elements comprise a user identifier and anassociated resource block allocation identifier; and using said resourceblock allocation identifier to decode said predetermined controlinformation for said resource block associated with said user.

In another aspect of the invention, a transmitter for use in a wirelesscommunication system comprises: signal processing logic operable togenerate a transmission channel comprising a plurality of resourceblocks within a predetermined frequency band; a resource block encoderoperable to embed a resource block control element in individualresource blocks within said plurality of resource blocks, wherein eachembedded resource block control element comprises predetermined controlinformation for the resource block in which the resource block controlelement is embedded; and a common/shared control channel encoderoperable to generate a plurality of common/shared control channelcontrol elements corresponding to a predetermined set of users, whereinindividual control elements comprise a user identifier and an associatedresource block allocation identifier; wherein said resource blockallocation identifier is correlated with said predetermined controlinformation for said resource block associated with said user.

In yet another aspect of the invention, a receiver for use in a wirelesscommunication system, comprises: signal processing logic operable toreceive a data transmission signal comprising a plurality of resourceblocks within a predetermined frequency band; a resource block controlprocessor operable to extract a resource block control element fromindividual resource blocks within said plurality of resource blocks,wherein each embedded resource block control element comprisespredetermined control information for the resource block in which theresource block control element is embedded; a common/shared controlchannel processor operable to extract a plurality of common/sharedcontrol channel control elements corresponding to a predetermined set ofusers, wherein individual control elements comprise a user identifierand an associated resource block allocation identifier; and processinglogic operable to use said resource block allocation identifier todecode said predetermined control information for said resource blockassociated with said user.

The methods and systems for providing resource block-specific controlsignaling in a communication system as shown and described herein may beimplemented in hardware or in software stored on a computer-readablemedium and executed as a computer program on a general purpose orspecial purpose computer to perform certain tasks. For a hardwareimplementation, the elements used to perform various signal processingsteps at the transmitter and/or at the receiver may be implementedwithin one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs),digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices(DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers,microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform thefunctions described herein, or a combination thereof. In addition or inthe alternative, a software implementation may be used, whereby some orall of the signal processing steps at each of the transmitter andreceiver may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions,and so on) that perform the functions described herein. It will beappreciated that the separation of functionality into modules is forillustrative purposes, and alternative embodiments may merge thefunctionality of multiple software modules into a single module or mayimpose an alternate decomposition of functionality of modules. In anysoftware implementation, the software code may be executed by aprocessor or controller, with the code and any underlying or processeddata being stored in any machine-readable or computer-readable storagemedium, such as an on-board or external memory unit.

Although the described exemplary embodiments disclosed herein aredirected to various communications systems and methods for using same,the present invention is not necessarily limited to the exampleembodiments illustrate herein. For example, various embodiments of acommunication system disclosed herein may be implemented in connectionwith various proprietary or wireless communication standards, such asIEEE 802.16e, 3GPP-LTE, DVB and other systems. Thus, the particularembodiments disclosed above are illustrative only and should not betaken as limitations upon the present invention, as the invention may bemodified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent tothose skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein.Accordingly, the foregoing description is not intended to limit theinvention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, isintended to cover such alternatives, modifications and equivalents asmay be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as definedby the appended claims so that those skilled in the art shouldunderstand that they can make various changes, substitutions andalterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventionin its broadest form.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have beendescribed above with regard to specific embodiments. However, thebenefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that maycause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become morepronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essentialfeature or element of any or all the claims. As used herein, the terms“comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intendedto cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method,article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not includeonly those elements but may include other elements not expressly listedor inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: an interface to awireless transmitter; one or more processor elements, coupled to theinterface, the one or more processor elements configured to: transmit,via the interface, data to a first user equipment using a plurality ofresource blocks within a predetermined frequency band, at least one ofthe plurality of resource blocks having a corresponding resource blockcontrol element embedded therein, each embedded resource block controlelement comprising control information for at least the resource blockin which the resource block control element is embedded, wherein eachembedded resource block control element is usable by the first userequipment and a second user equipment separate from the first userequipment; and transmit, via the interface, at least one control channelelement specifically corresponding to the first user equipment, whereinthe at least one control channel element comprises one or more resourceblock allocation identifiers associated with one or more resource blocksof the plurality of resource blocks.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the one or more associated resource block allocation identifiersdesignate the plurality of resource blocks.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein an embedded resource block control element in a first resourceblock further comprises control information for multiple other resourceblocks.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first resource blockand the multiple other resource blocks are located in a single timeinterval.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processorelements coupled to a wireless interface are further configured toutilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
 6. Theapparatus of claim 5, wherein the plurality of resource blocksrepresents time-frequency resources, each resource block of theplurality of resource blocks comprising a plurality of subcarriers and aplurality of OFDM symbols.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein at leastsome of the plurality of subcarriers are dis-contiguous.
 8. A basestation, comprising: an antenna; a radio coupled to the antenna; aprocessor coupled to the radio; wherein the base station is configuredto: transmit data to a first user equipment using a plurality ofresource blocks within a predetermined frequency band, at least one ofthe plurality of resource blocks having a corresponding resource blockcontrol element embedded therein, each embedded resource block controlelement comprising control information for at least the resource blockin which the resource block control element is embedded, wherein eachembedded resource block control element is usable by the first userequipment and a second user equipment separate from the first userequipment; and transmit at least one control channel elementspecifically corresponding to the first user equipment, wherein the atleast one control channel element comprises one or more resource blockallocation identifiers associated with one or more resource blocks ofthe plurality of resource blocks.
 9. The base station of claim 8,wherein the one or more associated resource block allocation identifiersdesignate the plurality of resource blocks.
 10. The base station ofclaim 8, wherein an embedded resource block control element in a firstresource block further comprises control information for multiple otherresource blocks.
 11. The base station of claim 10, wherein the firstresource block and the multiple other resource blocks are located in asingle time interval.
 12. The base station of claim 8, wherein the basestation is further configured to utilize orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM).
 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein theplurality of resource blocks represents time-frequency resources, eachresource block of the plurality of resource blocks comprising aplurality of subcarriers and a plurality of OFDM symbols.
 14. The basestation of claim 13, wherein at least some of the plurality ofsubcarriers are dis-contiguous.
 15. A non-transitory computer readablememory medium having one or more software modules stored thereon, theone or more software modules being executable by one or more processorsof a wireless communication apparatus, wherein the one or more softwaremodules, when executed, cause the wireless communication apparatus to:transmit data to a first user equipment using a plurality of resourceblocks within a predetermined frequency band, at least one of theplurality of resource blocks having a corresponding resource blockcontrol element embedded therein, each embedded resource block controlelement comprising control information for at least the resource blockin which the resource block control element is embedded, wherein eachembedded resource block control element is usable by the first userequipment and a second user equipment separate from the first userequipment; and transmit at least one control channel elementspecifically corresponding to the first user equipment, wherein the atleast one control channel element comprises one or more resource blockallocation identifiers associated with one or more resource blocks ofthe plurality of resource blocks.
 16. The non-transitory computerreadable memory medium of claim 15, wherein the one or more associatedresource block allocation identifiers designate the plurality ofresource blocks.
 17. The non-transitory computer readable memory mediumof claim 15, wherein an embedded resource block control element in afirst resource block further comprises control information for multipleother resource blocks.
 18. The non-transitory computer readable memorymedium of claim 17, wherein the first resource block and the multipleother resource blocks are located in a single time interval.
 19. Thenon-transitory computer readable memory medium of claim 15, wherein theone or more software modules, when executed, further cause the wirelesscommunication apparatus to utilize orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM), and wherein the plurality of resource blocksrepresents time-frequency resources, each resource block of theplurality of resource blocks comprising a plurality of subcarriers and aplurality of OFDM symbols.
 20. The non-transitory computer readablememory medium of claim 19, wherein at least some of the plurality ofsubcarriers are dis-contiguous.